Immaculate Heart of Mary Catholic Church

Homily for September 18, 2005
Liturgical Year A-Cycle I
25th Sunday in Ordinary Time
by Fr. Joshua Nyoni
Topic: It's not fair, its grace.
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Gospel
Mt 20:1-16a
Jesus told his disciples this parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out at dawn to hire laborers for his vineyard.  After agreeing with them for the usual daily wage, he sent them into his vineyard.  Going out about nine o’clock, the landowner saw others standing idle in the marketplace, and he said to them, ‘You too go into my vineyard, and I will give you what is just.’ So they went off.  And he went out again around noon, and around three o’clock, and did likewise.  Going out about five o’clock, the landowner found others standing around, and said to them, ‘Why do you stand here idle all day?’ They answered, ‘Because no one has hired us.’ He said to them, ‘You too go into my vineyard.’ When it was evening the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Summon the laborers and give them their pay, beginning with the last and ending with the first.’ When those who had started about five o’clock came, each received the usual daily wage.  So when the first came, they thought that they would receive more, but each of them also got the usual wage.  And on receiving it they grumbled against the landowner, saying, ‘These last ones worked only one hour, and you have made them equal to us, who bore the day’s burden and the heat.’ He said to one of them in reply, ‘My friend, I am not cheating you.  Did you not agree with me for the usual daily wage?  Take what is yours and go. What if I wish to give this last one the same as you?  Or am I not free to do as I wish with my own money?  Are you envious because I am generous?’ Thus, the last will be first, and the first will be last.”

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Allow me to put you into the context of why Jesus gave the parable of the workers in the Vineyard. In Chapter 19:16-22, a rich man comes to Jesus asking, “Master, what good deed must I do to inherit eternal life?”  Jesus looked at the man with love and told him to sell his possessions and give to the poor. The man went away sorrowful because he had great possessions. Between the man and Jesus, between the man and eternal life, there was something blocking his way--Possessions.

Peter, observing the exchange of words between Jesus and the rich man, asks Jesus, "We have left everything, what will be our reward?" Jesus’ answer was quite generous, ". . . everyone who left everything for my sake, will receive a hundredfold, and will inherit eternal life".  However, Jesus warns them with this shrewd response: “But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first”. (19:30).

Remember the ambitious request of James and John to sit at Jesus’ right hand and left hand in the kingdom. Positions, power and money were and are still the game in too many Christian hearts.   With all these questions and requests, Jesus is caught up. He must give an answer.  He has to explain how the Kingdom of God operates. For Jesus the rules of the Kingdom of God are very different from those of this world. This reminds us of what has been read in the first reading, in the book of Isaiah “ My thoughts are not your thoughts, my ways are not your ways” In fact “My ways are above your ways and my thoughts are above your thoughts”.
 
Jesus wants us to shift from this-world thinking to Kingdom-thinking”.  Hence, he gives the parable of the workers in the Vineyard.

Let us look at the parable: The parable starts wonderfully well. A landowner goes out to hire laborers for his vineyard. He hires those who are available for work after securing their agreement to a fair wage and they go to work. He goes personally to hire them at 6, at 9, at 3 and lastly at 5 PM.  It is interesting to note that those hired early have a clear contract-they are to be paid a denarius-a day’s wage. Those hired at nine, noon and three o’clock, the landowner promises to pay them what is right.  For those hired at five o'clock, there is no mention of money.

The shock, the Surprise comes at the end of the day or figuratively at the end of our lives for God is a “God of Surprises”. The Landowner starts paying the workers. He begins with the last ones, those hired at 5 o'clock they are given a denarius, a full day’ wage. (They worked only for one hour). The all day-workers do not complain. They smell generosity, and they can hardly wait to see their paycheck.

However, when their time comes, the all day-workers also receive a denarius, one day’s wage as contracted. At that point, they complain. Their complaint is not that they should receive more money but that the landowner has made the latecomers equal to them. They got up early (you know the pains of getting up early), worked through the heat of the day, only to be made equal to the Five o’clock guys. It’s not fair. Is God, God? In fact, is life fair?

(A)   Can you imagine someone, one of the disciples, standing at the foot of the cross, hearing the final conversation between the repentant thief and the Lord Jesus, and hearing Jesus words, “Today, you will be with Me in paradise”.  I think that disciple would say, ‘That’s not fair, I have been with You through thick and thin for over three years and this guy, You have known him for a few hours and you are telling him that he is going to be with you in paradise? That’s not fair!" Certainly, the disciple would be right: It's not fair. Its grace. Nevertheless, God in his goodness and love decides to bestow it! Grace is never fair because its grace. “My ways are not your ways – they are above your ways”.

(B)  Imagine, Paul the persecutor of Christianity being called into service as the Apostle of the Gentiles, and the other apostles saying, “It’s not fair, we walked with You. This man tried to pursue us to death, and now You are giving him the position of the Apostle of the Gentiles. It’s not fair.  No, it’s more than fair, its grace! God surely has not violated his blessings upon the other disciples.  He has simply decided to give to a disciple something that is particularly undeserved. The question is, "What do we learn from all this and the parable?"

We learn that:
(1) All the rewards of the Kingdom are rewards of Grace; they are a reward of God’s generosity.  They are not ours by right. Does that mean, we should sit back, relax and take life easy and expect grace. St Paul says that we should work for our salvation with “fear and trembling” and leave the rest to God.

(2) We learn that God’s rewards are not according to human measure and perception. We need to see God as benevolent or else envy will take control of us. “The last shall be first, the first last”. Jesus, in the parable, is saying that those who by human measure/standard, human perception might be the people that we think would get the most honor, glory and blessing from God may turn out not to. Those often overlooked, neglected, least noticed, yet faithful in their service, turn out to be first.
 
We also learn that we should not relate to God in some sort of “This for That” relationship--to think that I can earn his favor, I can earn eternal life. We should seek goodness not because we will earn a reward from God, but because it is good--for God is Goodness. In the end, when all is said and done, we need to realize that every good gift from God is a gift of grace. After all, when we have done all our duty, the Lord Jesus says, we need to say, we are but unworthy servants and we have only done our duty and we leave everything to God’s grace, generosity and Mercy.